UN Capital Development Fund (UNCDF) makes public and private finance work for the poor in the world’s 47 least developed countries. With its capital mandate and instruments, UNCDF offers “last mile” finance models that unlock public and private resources, especially at the domestic level, to reduce poverty and support local economic development. UNCDF’s financing models work through two channels: financial inclusion that expands the opportunities for individuals, households, and small businesses to participate in the local economy, providing them with the tools they need to climb out of poverty and manage their financial lives; and by showing how localized investments—through fiscal decentralization, innovative municipal finance, and structured project finance—can drive public and private funding that underpins local economic expansion and sustainable development.
By strengthening how finance works for poor people at the household, small enterprise, and local infrastructure levels, UNCDF contributes to SDG 1 on eradicating poverty and SDG 17 on the means of implementation. By identifying those market segments where innovative financing models can have transformational impact in helping to reach the last mile communities and address exclusion and inequalities of access, UNCDF contributes to SDGs 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 13, and emphasizes the deployment of sustainable public and private financial models that leverage in follow-on domestic and international investment. The Strategic Framework foresees in particular the need for the public and private spheres to come together around a more action-oriented agenda to make finance work for the LDCs, particularly in the first 10 years of Agenda 2030 to ensure that graduating LDCs have access to sustainable finance models that are SDG-positive. The SF also foresees a stronger inter-agency offer for UNCDF, to assist the whole of the UN to lift its approach to public/private finance in pursuit of SDG achievement at country level.
Approximately US$1.7 trillion flows from the developed world to the developing world from a diversified set of actors and with equally distinct motivations, ranging from purely philanthropic to market-rate return on investments. By being innovative in the way development assistance is deployed it can have the potential to extend the reach and effectiveness of the aid through for example the complementary deployment of private capital i.e. by blending public and private funds for enhanced development results. The development assistance then has the potential to expand the pool of foreign and domestic capital available for economic development for e.g. small and medium enterprises, agriculture, infrastructure and key public services.
UNCDF uses a combination of grants, reimbursable grants, loans, and guarantees mixed with technical assistance to support early stage and growth businesses: SMEs, microfinance institutions and municipal investment projects. UNCDF is structured around on-balance-sheet de-risking investments and off-balance-sheet third party managed funds, for which UNCDF sources pipeline aligned with the SDGs, particularly in Least Developed Countries. UNCDF’s balance sheet portfolio of loans and guarantees is growing, and demand for support from the wider UN System is accelerating. UNCDF is now establishing a country-based network of investment specialists to identify opportunities for financial intermediation in left behind areas, and to respond to immediate and latent demand for support within the UN country teams. UNCDF is also actively working to ensure pipeline development in the context of its partnership with its new third party managed funds. Each investment should provide an immediate social impact. At the same time, interventions should aim at finding deals which by their demonstration develop markets and break new ground for commercial finance. It may mean supporting an innovative structure or piloting a new untested idea which can, if successful, be taken to scale by more commercial players than the UN. Domestic and international banks, including IFI/DFIs, institutional and individual investors, philanthropic offices, and capital markets are all important and potential collaborators.
UNCDF aims to ensure that its investment and finance capacities contribute to development efforts of the wider UN Development System (UNDS) and contribute to strengthening overall enabling environments that make countries more attractive to private investors. Investment Specialists will provide the needed support at country level to innovate finance solutions in support of the full range of SDGs by assisting interested UN Country Team members to identify viable entry points to support impactful public/private coalitions, particularly where other actors may lack the knowledge and capacity to “cross-walk” to the private sector, particularly the investment community.
UNCDF investment specialists will engage with other UNCDF staff at country level, and with relevant UN partners, to work simultaneously at two levels: (i) at the policy and enabling environment level and (ii) at the transactional level, by creating concrete demonstration effects that can be scaled and thereby support the work of the UN at the country level to make countries more attractive to private investors. This dual focus is mutually reinforcing and essential to UNCDF’s theory of change. The work to source and finance SDG-aligned transactions will provide the lessons and evidence to support government-led reforms in the business area and to provide demonstration value to wider pools of investors on the opportunities for SDG-aligned investing in LDCs.
To this end, UNCDF can put its capital mandate and wider toolbox of financial instruments, including loans and guarantees, at the service of the UN system by providing Investment Specialists that support UN efforts at country level; this will allow other UN actors to leverage UNCDF’s accumulated expertise on issues of blended finance as well as its existing investment management policies, procedures, and systems.
The four country-based positions are coordinated locally by the designated UNCDF country focal point for purposes of internal coherence at country level. They report to the Director of the LDC/IP (Least Developed Countries Investment Platform) unit, based in New York. The LDC/IP serves as UNCDF’s center of excellence on development finance by creating the conditions for investment viability in the “missing middle” or in riskier market segments. The aim of the LDC/IP is to be part of a system that (a) demonstrates to domestic and international investors that LDC markets can and do generate returns, provide opportunities for successful investment, and merit the attention of a wider range of investors and that (b) uses those demonstration effects to support policy and regulatory improvements and scale up by other actors of what works. The four Investment Specialists will be stationed alongside other UNCDF staff (normally on UNDP premises) in Benin, Ethiopia, Rwanda and Senegal. Each Investment Specialist will cover up to three-four additional countries in the respective sub-region, as articulated in the project and donor agreements.
At the policy level, the Investment Specialists will be able to offer advisory support to UN convenings and initiatives (through the RC, RR, other actors), upon request at the country level, to help governments identify and respond to barriers to attracting long-term finance for the SDGs, including in relation to the so-called “missing middle,” i.e. small and medium enterprises (SMEs) finance. This would include using lessons learned from the demonstration effects of blended finance transactions to support government-led policy reforms; convening and engaging with private capital and businesses to understand the opportunities and challenges they face to integrate SDG support into their business models; working with governments to design and implement new financing vehicles or mechanisms that can catalyze private investment for the SDGs; and capturing and sharing knowledge from specific transactions to help deepen financial markets and improve local investment climates.
At the transactional level, the exact contours of support in each country will depend on national priorities and the UN Sustainable Development Country Frameworks (UNSDCFs). It is important to note in this context that the UNSDCF guidance includes a strong focus on strategic finance, where UNCDF expertise can be particularly useful to UN system analysis and action. The transactional work undertaken by UNCDF and other actors has proven to be especially effective in stimulating SME growth. Indeed, SMEs are the mainstay of many LDC economies and play an essential role in creating formal employment, empowering women and youth, and reducing inequalities. Similarly, essential small-scale local infrastructure projects can foster local economic development and contribute to the “leave no one behind” agenda. However, their development is often hindered by their difficulty in accessing adequately structured and priced finance.
UNCDF is looking to build a cohesive and well-knit team of Investment Specialists, with prior substantive work-experience and strong technical expertise in areas of SME finance (primarily agribusiness and/or clean energy space) and/or Project finance, especially Public Private Partnerships and/or Managing Guarantee instruments and/or Investment in frontier markets’ financial institutions and/or strong advocacy work, promoting business environments in Africa/emerging markets.